AlphaGo Zero meets House M.D.

AlphaGo Zero meets House M.D.

Imagine a world where AlphaGo meets House, M.D. — a place where AI doctors evolve through realistic medical battles in a virtual hospital , treating thousands of simulated patients until they become diagnostic virtuosos.

Welcome to Agent Hospital - where patients, nurses, and doctors are all AI agents — powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) — interacting, diagnosing, treating, and most importantly: learning

🩺 Here’s how it works:

• Every agent — patient, nurse, doctor — is autonomous. • There is a multi-agent collaboration between patients, nurses, and doctors to simulate the full clinical workflow: Triage → Consultation → Diagnosis → Treatment → Follow-Up • And they evolve through experience — not labeled data — by treating thousands of virtual patients in a closed-loop environment.

🧬 The secret? SEAL — Simulacrum-based Evolutionary Agent Learning

• AI doctors learn from real outcomes — recovery or relapse, with a memory system that is a combination of case base + experience base. • Patient agents are generated autonomously using LLMs + medical knowledge • No manual annotation. No human-in-the-loop. Just AI learning by doing and reflecting.

It is AlphaGo Zero for medicine; instead of playing millions of Go games against itself, here the AI Agents in the simulacrum are diagnosing diseases.

🎯 And the results? • After treating tens of thousands of virtual patients , these evolved doctor agents outperformed state-of-the-art medical AI models on the MedQA benchmark — a set of real-world USMLE-style medical questions. • Their skills transferred to the real world — acing real medical exams after only virtual practice. • It’s like training a pilot in a flight simulator — and watching them nail their first solo flight.

🌍 But this is bigger than medicine. Agent Hospital is a blueprint for evolving AI agents in any complex domain — law, education, finance, and beyond.

Check out the paper: Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agents

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